X-Git-Url: http://git.tdb.fi/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=source%2Flibmarklin%2Ftrain.cpp;h=acf8aa51486de42adb8901b98f9c78f2d0b79ac0;hb=97443d96ff3ce51388d2edd1e0dca8f2cd231346;hp=24ccfa2448bf1abf814afc4d728da7c935a9908b;hpb=a9180bc4bb7ff4c403e206cc2c785ff32544a0d6;p=r2c2.git diff --git a/source/libmarklin/train.cpp b/source/libmarklin/train.cpp index 24ccfa2..acf8aa5 100644 --- a/source/libmarklin/train.cpp +++ b/source/libmarklin/train.cpp @@ -13,25 +13,42 @@ Distributed under the GPL #include "catalogue.h" #include "driver.h" #include "layout.h" -#include "locotype.h" #include "route.h" -#include "simplephysics.h" +#include "simplecontroller.h" #include "timetable.h" #include "tracktype.h" #include "train.h" #include "vehicle.h" +#include "vehicletype.h" using namespace std; using namespace Msp; +namespace { + +struct SetFlag +{ + bool &flag; + + SetFlag(bool &f): flag(f) { flag = true; } + ~SetFlag() { flag = false; } +}; + +} + + namespace Marklin { -Train::Train(Layout &l, const LocoType &t, unsigned a): +Train::Train(Layout &l, const VehicleType &t, unsigned a): layout(l), loco_type(t), address(a), + priority(0), + yielding_to(0), pending_block(0), - control(new AIControl(*this, new SimplePhysics)), + reserving(false), + advancing(false), + controller(new AIControl(*this, new SimpleController)), timetable(0), active(false), current_speed(0), @@ -44,8 +61,13 @@ Train::Train(Layout &l, const LocoType &t, unsigned a): status("Unplaced"), travel_dist(0), pure_speed(false), - real_speed(15) + real_speed(15), + accurate_position(false), + overshoot_dist(false) { + if(!loco_type.is_locomotive()) + throw InvalidParameterValue("Initial vehicle must be a locomotive"); + vehicles.push_back(new Vehicle(layout, loco_type)); layout.add_train(*this); @@ -57,10 +79,16 @@ Train::Train(Layout &l, const LocoType &t, unsigned a): layout.signal_block_reserved.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Train::block_reserved)); layout.get_driver().signal_sensor.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Train::sensor_event)); layout.get_driver().signal_turnout.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Train::turnout_event)); + + layout.get_driver().signal_halt.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Train::halt_event)); + + controller->signal_control_changed.connect(sigc::mem_fun(this, &Train::control_changed)); } Train::~Train() { + delete controller; + delete timetable; for(vector::iterator i=vehicles.begin(); i!=vehicles.end(); ++i) delete *i; layout.remove_train(*this); @@ -73,6 +101,40 @@ void Train::set_name(const string &n) signal_name_changed.emit(name); } +void Train::set_priority(int p) +{ + priority = p; +} + +void Train::yield_to(const Train &t) +{ + yielding_to = &t; +} + +void Train::add_vehicle(const VehicleType &vt) +{ + Vehicle *veh = new Vehicle(layout, vt); + vehicles.back()->attach_back(*veh); + vehicles.push_back(veh); +} + +void Train::remove_vehicle(unsigned i) +{ + if(i>=vehicles.size()) + throw InvalidParameterValue("Vehicle index out of range"); + if(i==0) + throw InvalidParameterValue("Can't remove the locomotive"); + delete vehicles[i]; + vehicles.erase(vehicles.begin()+i); + if(iattach_back(*vehicles[i]); +} + +unsigned Train::get_n_vehicles() const +{ + return vehicles.size(); +} + Vehicle &Train::get_vehicle(unsigned i) { if(i>=vehicles.size()) @@ -89,15 +151,14 @@ const Vehicle &Train::get_vehicle(unsigned i) const void Train::set_control(const string &n, float v) { - control->set_control(n, v); - signal_control_changed.emit(n, control->get_control(n).value); + controller->set_control(n, v); } void Train::set_active(bool a) { if(a==active) return; - if(!a && control->get_speed()) + if(!a && controller->get_speed()) throw InvalidState("Can't deactivate while moving"); active = a; @@ -123,11 +184,27 @@ void Train::set_function(unsigned func, bool state) layout.get_driver().set_loco_function(address+1, func-4, state); } +float Train::get_control(const string &ctrl) const +{ + return controller->get_control(ctrl).value; +} + +float Train::get_speed() const +{ + return controller->get_speed(); +} + bool Train::get_function(unsigned func) const { return (functions>>func)&1; } +void Train::set_timetable(Timetable *tt) +{ + delete timetable; + timetable = tt; +} + void Train::set_route(const Route *r) { if(!rsv_blocks.empty()) @@ -144,7 +221,7 @@ void Train::set_route(const Route *r) next_route = 0; end_of_route = false; - if(route) + if(route && !cur_blocks.empty()) { BlockRef &last = (rsv_blocks.empty() ? cur_blocks.back() : rsv_blocks.back()); BlockRef next = last.next(); @@ -156,8 +233,7 @@ void Train::set_route(const Route *r) } } - if(active) - reserve_more(); + reserve_more(); signal_route_changed.emit(route); } @@ -190,13 +266,14 @@ void Train::go_to(const Track &to) void Train::place(Block &block, unsigned entry) { - if(control->get_speed()) + if(controller->get_speed()) throw InvalidState("Must be stopped before placing"); release_blocks(rsv_blocks); release_blocks(cur_blocks); set_active(false); + accurate_position = false; if(!block.reserve(this)) { @@ -216,12 +293,16 @@ void Train::place(Block &block, unsigned entry) else { const Block::Endpoint &bep = block.get_endpoints()[entry]; - vehicles.front()->place(bep.track, bep.track_ep, 0, Vehicle::BACK_BUFFER); + vehicles.back()->place(bep.track, bep.track_ep, 0, Vehicle::BACK_BUFFER); } } bool Train::free_block(Block &block) { + float margin = 10*layout.get_catalogue().get_scale(); + if(get_reserved_distance_until(&block, false)get_braking_distance()*1.3+margin) + return false; + unsigned nsens = 0; for(list::iterator i=rsv_blocks.begin(); i!=rsv_blocks.end(); ++i) { @@ -252,44 +333,7 @@ int Train::get_entry_to_block(Block &block) const float Train::get_reserved_distance() const { - Vehicle &veh = *(reverse ? vehicles.back() : vehicles.front()); - const VehicleType &vtype = veh.get_type(); - - Track *track = veh.get_track(); - unsigned entry = veh.get_entry(); - - float result = -vtype.get_length()/2; - if(reverse) - { - entry = track->traverse(entry); - result += veh.get_offset(); - } - else - result -= veh.get_offset(); - - bool first = true; - list::const_iterator block = cur_blocks.begin(); - while(1) - { - if(!first || !reverse) - result += track->get_type().get_path_length(track->get_active_path()); - first = false; - - unsigned exit = track->traverse(entry); - Track *next = track->get_link(exit); - - while(!block->block->get_tracks().count(next)) - { - ++block; - if(block==cur_blocks.end()) - block = rsv_blocks.begin(); - if(block==rsv_blocks.end()) - return result; - } - - entry = next->get_endpoint_by_link(*track); - track = next; - } + return get_reserved_distance_until(0, false); } void Train::tick(const Time::TimeStamp &t, const Time::TimeDelta &dt) @@ -301,26 +345,28 @@ void Train::tick(const Time::TimeStamp &t, const Time::TimeDelta &dt) stop_timeout = Time::TimeStamp(); } + Driver &driver = layout.get_driver(); + if(timetable) timetable->tick(t); - control->tick(dt); - float speed = control->get_speed(); - unsigned speed_notch = find_speed(abs(speed)); + controller->tick(dt); + float speed = controller->get_speed(); + unsigned speed_notch = find_speed(speed); - if(speed && (speed<0)!=reverse) + if(controller->get_reverse()!=reverse) { - layout.get_driver().set_loco_reverse(address, speed<0); - reverse = speed<0; + reverse = controller->get_reverse(); + driver.set_loco_reverse(address, reverse); release_blocks(rsv_blocks); reverse_blocks(cur_blocks); reserve_more(); } - if(speed_notch!=current_speed && !speed_changing) + if(speed_notch!=current_speed && !speed_changing && !driver.is_halted() && driver.get_power()) { speed_changing = true; - layout.get_driver().set_loco_speed(address, speed_notch); + driver.set_loco_speed(address, speed_notch); pure_speed = false; @@ -335,25 +381,57 @@ void Train::tick(const Time::TimeStamp &t, const Time::TimeDelta &dt) if(!active) set_active(true); - Track *track = vehicles[0]->get_track(); + Vehicle &vehicle = *(reverse ? vehicles.back() : vehicles.front()); + Track *track = vehicle.get_track(); bool ok = false; for(list::const_iterator i=cur_blocks.begin(); (!ok && i!=cur_blocks.end()); ++i) ok = i->block->get_tracks().count(track); + float d = get_real_speed(current_speed)*(dt/Time::sec); if(ok) { - float d = get_real_speed(current_speed)*(dt/Time::sec); - vehicles[0]->advance(reverse ? -d : d); + SetFlag setf(advancing); + vehicle.advance(reverse ? -d : d); + } + else if(accurate_position) + { + overshoot_dist += d; + if(overshoot_dist>40*layout.get_catalogue().get_scale()) + { + layout.emergency(name+" has not arrived at sensor"); + accurate_position = false; + } } } - else if(end_of_route) + else if(end_of_route && rsv_blocks.empty()) + { + signal_arrived.emit(); set_route(0); + } + + if(!cur_blocks.empty() && !cur_blocks.front().block->get_sensor_id()) + { + float dist = get_reserved_distance_until(cur_blocks.front().block, true); + + if(dist>10*layout.get_catalogue().get_scale()) + { + cur_blocks.front().block->reserve(0); + cur_blocks.erase(cur_blocks.begin()); + } + } } void Train::save(list &st) const { st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("name"), name)); + + st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("priority"), priority)); + + for(vector::const_iterator i=vehicles.begin(); i!=vehicles.end(); ++i) + if(i!=vehicles.begin()) + st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("vehicle"), (*i)->get_type().get_article_number())); + for(unsigned i=0; i<=14; ++i) if(real_speed[i].weight) st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("real_speed"), i, real_speed[i].speed, real_speed[i].weight)); @@ -372,7 +450,12 @@ void Train::save(list &st) const } if(route) - st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("route"), route->get_name())); + { + if(!route->is_temporary()) + st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("route"), route->get_name())); + else if(next_route && !next_route->is_temporary()) + st.push_back((DataFile::Statement("route"), next_route->get_name())); + } if(timetable) { @@ -382,12 +465,18 @@ void Train::save(list &st) const } } +void Train::control_changed(const Controller::Control &ctrl) +{ + signal_control_changed.emit(ctrl.name, ctrl.value); +} + void Train::loco_speed_event(unsigned addr, unsigned speed, bool) { if(addr==address) { current_speed = speed; speed_changing = false; + pure_speed = false; } } @@ -412,19 +501,35 @@ void Train::sensor_event(unsigned addr, bool state) { // Find the first sensor block from our reserved blocks that isn't this sensor list::iterator i; + unsigned result = 0; for(i=rsv_blocks.begin(); i!=rsv_blocks.end(); ++i) - if(i->block->get_sensor_id() && i->block->get_sensor_id()!=addr) - break; + if(i->block->get_sensor_id()) + { + if(i->block->get_sensor_id()!=addr) + { + if(result==0) + result = 2; + else if(result==1) + break; + } + else if(result==0) + result = 1; + else if(result==2) + result = 3; + } - if(i!=rsv_blocks.begin()) + if(result==1 && i!=rsv_blocks.begin()) { // Compute speed and update related state float travel_time_secs = (Time::now()-last_entry_time)/Time::sec; if(pure_speed) { - RealSpeed &rs = real_speed[current_speed]; - rs.add(travel_dist/travel_time_secs, travel_time_secs); + if(current_speed) + { + RealSpeed &rs = real_speed[current_speed]; + rs.add(travel_dist/travel_time_secs, travel_time_secs); + } set_status(format("Traveling %d kmh", get_travel_speed())); } @@ -435,7 +540,7 @@ void Train::sensor_event(unsigned addr, bool state) j->block->traverse(j->entry, &block_len); travel_dist += block_len; - if(j->block->get_sensor_id()==addr) + if(j->block->get_sensor_id()==addr && !advancing) { const Block::Endpoint &bep = j->block->get_endpoints()[j->entry]; if(reverse) @@ -450,6 +555,8 @@ void Train::sensor_event(unsigned addr, bool state) } last_entry_time = Time::now(); pure_speed = true; + accurate_position = true; + overshoot_dist = 0; // Check if we've reached the next route if(next_route) @@ -471,12 +578,10 @@ void Train::sensor_event(unsigned addr, bool state) // Try to get more blocks if we're moving if(active) - { - unsigned nsens = reserve_more(); - if(!nsens && end_of_route) - signal_arrived.emit(); - } + reserve_more(); } + else if(result==3) + layout.emergency("Sensor for "+name+" triggered out of order"); } else { @@ -488,15 +593,15 @@ void Train::sensor_event(unsigned addr, bool state) if(layout.get_driver().get_sensor(i->block->get_sensor_id())) break; else + { end = i; + ++end; + } } - if(end!=cur_blocks.begin()) - { + if(end!=cur_blocks.begin() && end!=cur_blocks.end()) // Free blocks up to the last inactive sensor - ++end; release_blocks(cur_blocks, cur_blocks.begin(), end); - } } } @@ -507,10 +612,21 @@ void Train::turnout_event(unsigned addr, bool) unsigned pending_addr = pending_block->get_turnout_id(); bool double_addr = (*pending_block->get_tracks().begin())->get_type().is_double_address(); if(addr==pending_addr || (double_addr && addr==pending_addr+1)) - reserve_more(); + { + if(reserving) + pending_block = 0; + else + reserve_more(); + } } } +void Train::halt_event(bool h) +{ + if(h) + accurate_position = false; +} + void Train::block_reserved(const Block &block, const Train *train) { if(&block==pending_block && !train) @@ -519,21 +635,33 @@ void Train::block_reserved(const Block &block, const Train *train) unsigned Train::reserve_more() { - BlockRef *last = 0; + if(!active) + return 0; + + BlockRef *start = 0; if(!rsv_blocks.empty()) - last = &rsv_blocks.back(); + start = &rsv_blocks.back(); else if(!cur_blocks.empty()) - last = &cur_blocks.back(); - if(!last) + start = &cur_blocks.back(); + if(!start) return 0; pending_block = 0; - // See how many sensor blocks we already have + // See how many sensor blocks and how much track we already have unsigned nsens = 0; + float dist = 0; for(list::const_iterator i=rsv_blocks.begin(); i!=rsv_blocks.end(); ++i) + { if(i->block->get_sensor_id()) ++nsens; + if(nsens>0) + { + float length = 0; + i->block->traverse(i->entry, &length); + dist += length; + } + } if(end_of_route) return nsens; @@ -541,7 +669,7 @@ unsigned Train::reserve_more() const Route *cur_route = 0; if(route) { - const set &tracks = last->block->get_tracks(); + const set &tracks = start->block->get_tracks(); for(set::const_iterator i=tracks.begin(); (cur_route!=route && i!=tracks.end()); ++i) { if(route->get_tracks().count(*i)) @@ -551,13 +679,23 @@ unsigned Train::reserve_more() } } - bool got_more = false; - BlockRef *good = last; + float approach_margin = 50*layout.get_catalogue().get_scale(); + float min_dist = controller->get_braking_distance()*1.3+approach_margin*2; + + BlockRef *last = start; + BlockRef *good = start; unsigned good_sens = nsens; - while(good_sens<3) + float good_dist = dist; + Train *blocking_train = 0; + std::list contested_blocks; + + SetFlag setf(reserving); + + while(good_sens<3 || good_distblock->traverse(last->entry); + float length = 0; + unsigned exit = last->block->traverse(last->entry, cur_route, &length); Block *link = last->block->get_link(exit); if(!link) break; @@ -575,28 +713,103 @@ unsigned Train::reserve_more() else if(!cur_route->get_tracks().count(entry_ep.track)) { // Keep the blocks if we arrived at the end of the route - good = last; - good_sens = nsens; - end_of_route = true; + if(!blocking_train) + { + good = last; + good_sens = nsens; + good_dist = dist; + end_of_route = true; + } break; } } else if(route && route->get_tracks().count(entry_ep.track)) cur_route = route; - if(!link->reserve(this)) + if(link->get_endpoints().size()<2) + { + if(!blocking_train) + { + good = last; + good_sens = nsens; + good_dist = dist; + } + break; + } + + if(blocking_train) + { + if(link->get_train()!=blocking_train) + { + // XXX is it possible that this won't free all the blocks we want? + if(blocking_train->free_block(*contested_blocks.back().block)) + { + // Roll back and start actually reserving the blocks + last = &rsv_blocks.back(); + if(blocking_train->get_priority()==priority) + blocking_train->yield_to(*this); + blocking_train = 0; + continue; + } + else + { + pending_block = contested_blocks.front().block; + break; + } + } + else + { + contested_blocks.push_back(BlockRef(link, entry)); + last = &contested_blocks.back(); + continue; + } + } + + bool reserved = link->reserve(this); + if(!reserved) { - // If we found another train and it's not headed straight for us, we can keep the blocks we got - int other_entry = link->get_train()->get_entry_to_block(*link); + /* We've found another train. If it wants to exit the block from the + same endpoint we're trying to enter from or the other way around, + treat it as coming towards us. Otherwise treat it as going in the + same direction. */ + Train *other_train = link->get_train(); + int other_entry = other_train->get_entry_to_block(*link); if(other_entry<0) throw LogicError("Block reservation inconsistency"); - if(static_cast(entry)!=link->traverse(other_entry)) + + int other_prio = other_train->get_priority(); + + bool entry_conflict = (static_cast(entry)==link->traverse(other_entry)); + bool exit_conflict = (link->traverse(entry)==static_cast(other_entry)); + if(!entry_conflict && !exit_conflict) { + /* Same direction, keep the blocks we got so far and wait for the + other train to pass */ good = last; good_sens = nsens; + good_dist = dist; + + // Ask a lesser priority train to free the block for us + if(other_train->get_priority()free_block(*link)) + reserved = link->reserve(this); + } + else if(other_prioget_turnout_id()) @@ -606,6 +819,7 @@ unsigned Train::reserve_more() // Keep the blocks reserved so far, as either us or the other train can diverge good = last; good_sens = nsens; + good_dist = dist; // Figure out what path we'd like to take on the turnout int path = -1; @@ -623,34 +837,111 @@ unsigned Train::reserve_more() if(path!=static_cast(entry_ep.track->get_active_path())) { // The turnout is set to wrong path - switch and wait for it - link->reserve(0); pending_block = link; entry_ep.track->set_active_path(path); - break; + if(pending_block) + { + link->reserve(0); + break; + } } } + if(!contested_blocks.empty() && contested_blocks.front().block==link) + contested_blocks.pop_front(); + rsv_blocks.push_back(BlockRef(link, entry)); last = &rsv_blocks.back(); if(last->block->get_sensor_id()) - { ++nsens; - got_more = true; - } + if(nsens>0) + dist += length; } // Unreserve blocks that were not good - while(!rsv_blocks.empty() && last!=good) + while(!rsv_blocks.empty() && &rsv_blocks.back()!=good) { - last->block->reserve(0); + rsv_blocks.back().block->reserve(0); rsv_blocks.erase(--rsv_blocks.end()); - if(!rsv_blocks.empty()) - last = &rsv_blocks.back(); } + if(!rsv_blocks.empty() && &rsv_blocks.back()!=start) + // We got some new blocks, so no longer need to yield + yielding_to = 0; + + // Make any sensorless blocks at the beginning immediately current + list::iterator i; + for(i=rsv_blocks.begin(); (i!=rsv_blocks.end() && !i->block->get_sensor_id()); ++i) ; + if(i!=rsv_blocks.begin()) + cur_blocks.splice(cur_blocks.end(), rsv_blocks, rsv_blocks.begin(), i); + return good_sens; } +float Train::get_reserved_distance_until(const Block *until_block, bool back) const +{ + if(cur_blocks.empty()) + return 0; + + Vehicle &veh = *(reverse!=back ? vehicles.back() : vehicles.front()); + const VehicleType &vtype = veh.get_type(); + + Track *track = veh.get_track(); + if(!track) + return 0; + + list::const_iterator block = cur_blocks.begin(); + while(block!=cur_blocks.end() && !block->block->get_tracks().count(track)) + ++block; + if(block==cur_blocks.end() || block->block==until_block) + return 0; + + unsigned entry = veh.get_entry(); + + float result = veh.get_offset(); + if(reverse!=back) + entry = track->traverse(entry); + else + result = track->get_type().get_path_length(track->get_active_path())-result; + result -= vtype.get_length()/2; + + while(1) + { + if(track->get_type().get_endpoints().size()<2) + break; + + Track *next = track->get_link(track->traverse(entry)); + + if(!block->block->get_tracks().count(next)) + { + if(back) + { + if(block==cur_blocks.begin()) + break; + --block; + } + else + { + ++block; + if(block==cur_blocks.end()) + block = rsv_blocks.begin(); + if(block==rsv_blocks.end()) + break; + } + + if(block->block==until_block) + break; + } + + entry = next->get_endpoint_by_link(*track); + track = next; + + result += track->get_type().get_path_length(track->get_active_path()); + } + + return result; +} + float Train::get_real_speed(unsigned i) const { if(real_speed[i].weight) @@ -699,7 +990,12 @@ unsigned Train::find_speed(float real) const if(!high) { if(!low) - return 0; + { + if(real) + return 3; + else + return 0; + } return min(static_cast(low*real/real_speed[low].speed), 14U); } @@ -776,40 +1072,72 @@ void Train::RealSpeed::add(float s, float w) Train::Loader::Loader(Train &t): DataFile::BasicLoader(t), - prev_block(0) + prev_block(0), + blocks_valid(true) { add("block", &Loader::block); add("block_hint", &Loader::block_hint); add("name", &Loader::name); + add("priority", &Train::priority); add("real_speed", &Loader::real_speed); add("route", &Loader::route); add("timetable", &Loader::timetable); + add("vehicle", &Loader::vehicle); +} + +void Train::Loader::finish() +{ + if(!obj.cur_blocks.empty()) + { + const BlockRef &blkref = obj.cur_blocks.front(); + const Block::Endpoint &bep = blkref.block->get_endpoints()[blkref.entry]; + obj.vehicles.back()->place(bep.track, bep.track_ep, 0, Vehicle::BACK_BUFFER); + + obj.set_status("Stopped"); + } } void Train::Loader::block(unsigned id) { - Block &blk = obj.layout.get_block(id); + if(!blocks_valid) + return; + + Block *blk; + try + { + blk = &obj.layout.get_block(id); + } + catch(const KeyError &) + { + blocks_valid = false; + return; + } + int entry = -1; if(prev_block) - entry = blk.get_endpoint_by_link(*prev_block); + entry = blk->get_endpoint_by_link(*prev_block); if(entry<0) entry = 0; - blk.reserve(&obj); - obj.cur_blocks.push_back(BlockRef(&blk, entry)); - obj.set_status("Stopped"); - const Block::Endpoint &bep = blk.get_endpoints()[entry]; - obj.vehicles.back()->place(bep.track, bep.track_ep, 0, Vehicle::BACK_BUFFER); + blk->reserve(&obj); + obj.cur_blocks.push_back(BlockRef(blk, entry)); - if(blk.get_sensor_id()) - obj.layout.get_driver().set_sensor(blk.get_sensor_id(), true); + if(blk->get_sensor_id()) + obj.layout.get_driver().set_sensor(blk->get_sensor_id(), true); - prev_block = &blk; + prev_block = blk; } void Train::Loader::block_hint(unsigned id) { - prev_block = &obj.layout.get_block(id); + try + { + prev_block = &obj.layout.get_block(id); + } + catch(const KeyError &) + { + blocks_valid = false; + } } void Train::Loader::name(const string &n) @@ -837,4 +1165,12 @@ void Train::Loader::timetable() load_sub(*obj.timetable); } +void Train::Loader::vehicle(unsigned n) +{ + const VehicleType &vtype = obj.layout.get_catalogue().get_vehicle(n); + Vehicle *veh = new Vehicle(obj.layout, vtype); + obj.vehicles.back()->attach_back(*veh); + obj.vehicles.push_back(veh); +} + } // namespace Marklin