1 /********************************************************************
3 * THIS FILE IS PART OF THE OggVorbis SOFTWARE CODEC SOURCE CODE. *
4 * USE, DISTRIBUTION AND REPRODUCTION OF THIS LIBRARY SOURCE IS *
5 * GOVERNED BY A BSD-STYLE SOURCE LICENSE INCLUDED WITH THIS SOURCE *
6 * IN 'COPYING'. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS BEFORE DISTRIBUTING. *
8 * THE OggVorbis SOURCE CODE IS (C) COPYRIGHT 1994-2015 *
9 * by the Xiph.Org Foundation https://xiph.org/ *
11 ********************************************************************
13 function: basic shared codebook operations
15 ********************************************************************/
24 #include "vorbis/codec.h"
28 /**** pack/unpack helpers ******************************************/
30 int ov_ilog(ogg_uint32_t v){
32 for(ret=0;v;ret++)v>>=1;
36 /* 32 bit float (not IEEE; nonnormalized mantissa +
37 biased exponent) : neeeeeee eeemmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmmmm
38 Why not IEEE? It's just not that important here. */
42 #define VQ_FEXP_BIAS 768 /* bias toward values smaller than 1. */
44 /* doesn't currently guard under/overflow */
45 long _float32_pack(float val){
53 exp= floor(log(val)/log(2.f)+.001); /* +epsilon */
54 mant=rint(ldexp(val,(VQ_FMAN-1)-exp));
55 exp=(exp+VQ_FEXP_BIAS)<<VQ_FMAN;
57 return(sign|exp|mant);
60 float _float32_unpack(long val){
61 double mant=val&0x1fffff;
62 int sign=val&0x80000000;
63 long exp =(val&0x7fe00000L)>>VQ_FMAN;
65 exp=exp-(VQ_FMAN-1)-VQ_FEXP_BIAS;
66 /* clamp excessive exponent values */
73 return(ldexp(mant,exp));
76 /* given a list of word lengths, generate a list of codewords. Works
77 for length ordered or unordered, always assigns the lowest valued
78 codewords first. Extended to handle unused entries (length 0) */
79 ogg_uint32_t *_make_words(char *l,long n,long sparsecount){
81 ogg_uint32_t marker[33];
82 ogg_uint32_t *r=_ogg_malloc((sparsecount?sparsecount:n)*sizeof(*r));
83 memset(marker,0,sizeof(marker));
88 ogg_uint32_t entry=marker[length];
90 /* when we claim a node for an entry, we also claim the nodes
91 below it (pruning off the imagined tree that may have dangled
92 from it) as well as blocking the use of any nodes directly
96 if(length<32 && (entry>>length)){
97 /* error condition; the lengths must specify an overpopulated tree */
103 /* Look to see if the next shorter marker points to the node
104 above. if so, update it and repeat. */
106 for(j=length;j>0;j--){
109 /* have to jump branches */
113 marker[j]=marker[j-1]<<1;
114 break; /* invariant says next upper marker would already
115 have been moved if it was on the same path */
121 /* prune the tree; the implicit invariant says all the longer
122 markers were dangling from our just-taken node. Dangle them
123 from our *new* node. */
124 for(j=length+1;j<33;j++)
125 if((marker[j]>>1) == entry){
127 marker[j]=marker[j-1]<<1;
131 if(sparsecount==0)count++;
134 /* any underpopulated tree must be rejected. */
135 /* Single-entry codebooks are a retconned extension to the spec.
136 They have a single codeword '0' of length 1 that results in an
137 underpopulated tree. Shield that case from the underformed tree check. */
138 if(!(count==1 && marker[2]==2)){
140 if(marker[i] & (0xffffffffUL>>(32-i))){
146 /* bitreverse the words because our bitwise packer/unpacker is LSb
148 for(i=0,count=0;i<n;i++){
152 temp|=(r[count]>>j)&1;
165 /* there might be a straightforward one-line way to do the below
166 that's portable and totally safe against roundoff, but I haven't
167 thought of it. Therefore, we opt on the side of caution */
168 long _book_maptype1_quantvals(const static_codebook *b){
173 vals=floor(pow((float)b->entries,1.f/b->dim));
175 /* the above *should* be reliable, but we'll not assume that FP is
176 ever reliable when bitstream sync is at stake; verify via integer
177 means that vals really is the greatest value of dim for which
178 vals^b->bim <= b->entries */
179 /* treat the above as an initial guess */
187 for(i=0;i<b->dim;i++){
188 if(b->entries/vals<acc)break;
190 if(LONG_MAX/(vals+1)<acc1)acc1=LONG_MAX;
193 if(i>=b->dim && acc<=b->entries && acc1>b->entries){
196 if(i<b->dim || acc>b->entries){
205 /* unpack the quantized list of values for encode/decode ***********/
206 /* we need to deal with two map types: in map type 1, the values are
207 generated algorithmically (each column of the vector counts through
208 the values in the quant vector). in map type 2, all the values came
209 in in an explicit list. Both value lists must be unpacked */
210 float *_book_unquantize(const static_codebook *b,int n,int *sparsemap){
212 if(b->maptype==1 || b->maptype==2){
214 float mindel=_float32_unpack(b->q_min);
215 float delta=_float32_unpack(b->q_delta);
216 float *r=_ogg_calloc(n*b->dim,sizeof(*r));
218 /* maptype 1 and 2 both use a quantized value vector, but
222 /* most of the time, entries%dimensions == 0, but we need to be
223 well defined. We define that the possible vales at each
224 scalar is values == entries/dim. If entries%dim != 0, we'll
225 have 'too few' values (values*dim<entries), which means that
226 we'll have 'left over' entries; left over entries use zeroed
227 values (and are wasted). So don't generate codebooks like
229 quantvals=_book_maptype1_quantvals(b);
230 for(j=0;j<b->entries;j++){
231 if((sparsemap && b->lengthlist[j]) || !sparsemap){
234 for(k=0;k<b->dim;k++){
235 int index= (j/indexdiv)%quantvals;
236 float val=b->quantlist[index];
237 val=fabs(val)*delta+mindel+last;
238 if(b->q_sequencep)last=val;
240 r[sparsemap[count]*b->dim+k]=val;
242 r[count*b->dim+k]=val;
251 for(j=0;j<b->entries;j++){
252 if((sparsemap && b->lengthlist[j]) || !sparsemap){
255 for(k=0;k<b->dim;k++){
256 float val=b->quantlist[j*b->dim+k];
257 val=fabs(val)*delta+mindel+last;
258 if(b->q_sequencep)last=val;
260 r[sparsemap[count]*b->dim+k]=val;
262 r[count*b->dim+k]=val;
275 void vorbis_staticbook_destroy(static_codebook *b){
277 if(b->quantlist)_ogg_free(b->quantlist);
278 if(b->lengthlist)_ogg_free(b->lengthlist);
279 memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
281 } /* otherwise, it is in static memory */
284 void vorbis_book_clear(codebook *b){
285 /* static book is not cleared; we're likely called on the lookup and
286 the static codebook belongs to the info struct */
287 if(b->valuelist)_ogg_free(b->valuelist);
288 if(b->codelist)_ogg_free(b->codelist);
290 if(b->dec_index)_ogg_free(b->dec_index);
291 if(b->dec_codelengths)_ogg_free(b->dec_codelengths);
292 if(b->dec_firsttable)_ogg_free(b->dec_firsttable);
294 memset(b,0,sizeof(*b));
297 int vorbis_book_init_encode(codebook *c,const static_codebook *s){
299 memset(c,0,sizeof(*c));
301 c->entries=s->entries;
302 c->used_entries=s->entries;
304 c->codelist=_make_words(s->lengthlist,s->entries,0);
305 /* c->valuelist=_book_unquantize(s,s->entries,NULL); */
306 c->quantvals=_book_maptype1_quantvals(s);
307 c->minval=(int)rint(_float32_unpack(s->q_min));
308 c->delta=(int)rint(_float32_unpack(s->q_delta));
313 static ogg_uint32_t bitreverse(ogg_uint32_t x){
314 x= ((x>>16)&0x0000ffffUL) | ((x<<16)&0xffff0000UL);
315 x= ((x>> 8)&0x00ff00ffUL) | ((x<< 8)&0xff00ff00UL);
316 x= ((x>> 4)&0x0f0f0f0fUL) | ((x<< 4)&0xf0f0f0f0UL);
317 x= ((x>> 2)&0x33333333UL) | ((x<< 2)&0xccccccccUL);
318 return((x>> 1)&0x55555555UL) | ((x<< 1)&0xaaaaaaaaUL);
321 static int sort32a(const void *a,const void *b){
322 return ( **(ogg_uint32_t **)a>**(ogg_uint32_t **)b)-
323 ( **(ogg_uint32_t **)a<**(ogg_uint32_t **)b);
326 /* decode codebook arrangement is more heavily optimized than encode */
327 int vorbis_book_init_decode(codebook *c,const static_codebook *s){
331 memset(c,0,sizeof(*c));
333 /* count actually used entries and find max length */
334 for(i=0;i<s->entries;i++)
335 if(s->lengthlist[i]>0)
338 c->entries=s->entries;
343 /* two different remappings go on here.
345 First, we collapse the likely sparse codebook down only to
346 actually represented values/words. This collapsing needs to be
347 indexed as map-valueless books are used to encode original entry
348 positions as integers.
350 Second, we reorder all vectors, including the entry index above,
351 by sorted bitreversed codeword to allow treeless decode. */
354 ogg_uint32_t *codes=_make_words(s->lengthlist,s->entries,c->used_entries);
355 ogg_uint32_t **codep=alloca(sizeof(*codep)*n);
357 if(codes==NULL)goto err_out;
360 codes[i]=bitreverse(codes[i]);
364 qsort(codep,n,sizeof(*codep),sort32a);
366 sortindex=alloca(n*sizeof(*sortindex));
367 c->codelist=_ogg_malloc(n*sizeof(*c->codelist));
368 /* the index is a reverse index */
370 int position=codep[i]-codes;
371 sortindex[position]=i;
375 c->codelist[sortindex[i]]=codes[i];
378 c->valuelist=_book_unquantize(s,n,sortindex);
379 c->dec_index=_ogg_malloc(n*sizeof(*c->dec_index));
381 for(n=0,i=0;i<s->entries;i++)
382 if(s->lengthlist[i]>0)
383 c->dec_index[sortindex[n++]]=i;
385 c->dec_codelengths=_ogg_malloc(n*sizeof(*c->dec_codelengths));
387 for(n=0,i=0;i<s->entries;i++)
388 if(s->lengthlist[i]>0){
389 c->dec_codelengths[sortindex[n++]]=s->lengthlist[i];
390 if(s->lengthlist[i]>c->dec_maxlength)
391 c->dec_maxlength=s->lengthlist[i];
394 if(n==1 && c->dec_maxlength==1){
395 /* special case the 'single entry codebook' with a single bit
396 fastpath table (that always returns entry 0 )in order to use
397 unmodified decode paths. */
398 c->dec_firsttablen=1;
399 c->dec_firsttable=_ogg_calloc(2,sizeof(*c->dec_firsttable));
400 c->dec_firsttable[0]=c->dec_firsttable[1]=1;
403 c->dec_firsttablen=ov_ilog(c->used_entries)-4; /* this is magic */
404 if(c->dec_firsttablen<5)c->dec_firsttablen=5;
405 if(c->dec_firsttablen>8)c->dec_firsttablen=8;
407 tabn=1<<c->dec_firsttablen;
408 c->dec_firsttable=_ogg_calloc(tabn,sizeof(*c->dec_firsttable));
411 if(c->dec_codelengths[i]<=c->dec_firsttablen){
412 ogg_uint32_t orig=bitreverse(c->codelist[i]);
413 for(j=0;j<(1<<(c->dec_firsttablen-c->dec_codelengths[i]));j++)
414 c->dec_firsttable[orig|(j<<c->dec_codelengths[i])]=i+1;
418 /* now fill in 'unused' entries in the firsttable with hi/lo search
419 hints for the non-direct-hits */
421 ogg_uint32_t mask=0xfffffffeUL<<(31-c->dec_firsttablen);
425 ogg_uint32_t word=i<<(32-c->dec_firsttablen);
426 if(c->dec_firsttable[bitreverse(word)]==0){
427 while((lo+1)<n && c->codelist[lo+1]<=word)lo++;
428 while( hi<n && word>=(c->codelist[hi]&mask))hi++;
430 /* we only actually have 15 bits per hint to play with here.
431 In order to overflow gracefully (nothing breaks, efficiency
432 just drops), encode as the difference from the extremes. */
434 unsigned long loval=lo;
435 unsigned long hival=n-hi;
437 if(loval>0x7fff)loval=0x7fff;
438 if(hival>0x7fff)hival=0x7fff;
439 c->dec_firsttable[bitreverse(word)]=
440 0x80000000UL | (loval<<15) | hival;
450 vorbis_book_clear(c);
454 long vorbis_book_codeword(codebook *book,int entry){
455 if(book->c) /* only use with encode; decode optimizations are
456 allowed to break this */
457 return book->codelist[entry];
461 long vorbis_book_codelen(codebook *book,int entry){
462 if(book->c) /* only use with encode; decode optimizations are
463 allowed to break this */
464 return book->c->lengthlist[entry];
470 /* Unit tests of the dequantizer; this stuff will be OK
471 cross-platform, I simply want to be sure that special mapping cases
472 actually work properly; a bug could go unnoticed for a while */
479 full, explicit mapping
486 static long full_quantlist1[]={0,1,2,3, 4,5,6,7, 8,3,6,1};
487 static long partial_quantlist1[]={0,7,2};
490 static_codebook test1={
498 static float *test1_result=NULL;
500 /* linear, full mapping, nonsequential */
501 static_codebook test2={
505 -533200896,1611661312,4,0,
509 static float test2_result[]={-3,-2,-1,0, 1,2,3,4, 5,0,3,-2};
511 /* linear, full mapping, sequential */
512 static_codebook test3={
516 -533200896,1611661312,4,1,
520 static float test3_result[]={-3,-5,-6,-6, 1,3,6,10, 5,5,8,6};
522 /* linear, algorithmic mapping, nonsequential */
523 static_codebook test4={
527 -533200896,1611661312,4,0,
531 static float test4_result[]={-3,-3,-3, 4,-3,-3, -1,-3,-3,
532 -3, 4,-3, 4, 4,-3, -1, 4,-3,
533 -3,-1,-3, 4,-1,-3, -1,-1,-3,
534 -3,-3, 4, 4,-3, 4, -1,-3, 4,
535 -3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, -1, 4, 4,
536 -3,-1, 4, 4,-1, 4, -1,-1, 4,
537 -3,-3,-1, 4,-3,-1, -1,-3,-1,
538 -3, 4,-1, 4, 4,-1, -1, 4,-1,
539 -3,-1,-1, 4,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1};
541 /* linear, algorithmic mapping, sequential */
542 static_codebook test5={
546 -533200896,1611661312,4,1,
550 static float test5_result[]={-3,-6,-9, 4, 1,-2, -1,-4,-7,
551 -3, 1,-2, 4, 8, 5, -1, 3, 0,
552 -3,-4,-7, 4, 3, 0, -1,-2,-5,
553 -3,-6,-2, 4, 1, 5, -1,-4, 0,
554 -3, 1, 5, 4, 8,12, -1, 3, 7,
555 -3,-4, 0, 4, 3, 7, -1,-2, 2,
556 -3,-6,-7, 4, 1, 0, -1,-4,-5,
557 -3, 1, 0, 4, 8, 7, -1, 3, 2,
558 -3,-4,-5, 4, 3, 2, -1,-2,-3};
560 void run_test(static_codebook *b,float *comp){
561 float *out=_book_unquantize(b,b->entries,NULL);
566 fprintf(stderr,"_book_unquantize incorrectly returned NULL\n");
570 for(i=0;i<b->entries*b->dim;i++)
571 if(fabs(out[i]-comp[i])>.0001){
572 fprintf(stderr,"disagreement in unquantized and reference data:\n"
573 "position %d, %g != %g\n",i,out[i],comp[i]);
579 fprintf(stderr,"_book_unquantize returned a value array: \n"
580 " correct result should have been NULL\n");
588 /* run the nine dequant tests, and compare to the hand-rolled results */
589 fprintf(stderr,"Dequant test 1... ");
590 run_test(&test1,test1_result);
591 fprintf(stderr,"OK\nDequant test 2... ");
592 run_test(&test2,test2_result);
593 fprintf(stderr,"OK\nDequant test 3... ");
594 run_test(&test3,test3_result);
595 fprintf(stderr,"OK\nDequant test 4... ");
596 run_test(&test4,test4_result);
597 fprintf(stderr,"OK\nDequant test 5... ");
598 run_test(&test5,test5_result);
599 fprintf(stderr,"OK\n\n");